El gobierno de derecha de Italia declaró el martes un estado de emergencia nacional de seis meses para ayudarlo a hacer frente a un aumento de inmigrantes que llegan a las costas del sur del país.
La televisión estatal dijo que se esperaba que se nombrara un comisionado especial. También se aprobó un financiamiento inicial de 5 millones de euros (casi $5,5 millones) como parte de la medida aprobada por la Premier Giorgia Meloni y su gabinete.
En un comunicado posterior a la reunión del gabinete, el gobierno dijo que el estado de emergencia se consideraba necesario “para llevar a cabo con urgencia medidas extraordinarias para reducir la congestión” en un refugio de inmigrantes abrumado en una pequeña isla italiana en el Mediterráneo.
También se necesitan “nuevas estructuras, adecuadas tanto para albergar como para procesar y repatriar a los inmigrantes que no tienen los requisitos para quedarse” en Italia, dijo el comunicado del gobierno.
Durante la pandemia de COVID-19, las coaliciones de gobierno de Italia también impusieron un estado de emergencia, lo que permitió al Gabinete ordenar muchas medidas de afrontamiento por decreto, eludiendo temporalmente el proceso parlamentario generalmente largo para la financiación y las regulaciones.
“Seamos claros, esto no resuelve el problema, cuya solución está ligada a una intervención consciente y responsable de la Unión Europea”, dijo el ministro de Protección Civil y Políticas Marítimas, Nello Musumeci, citado por la agencia de noticias italiana ANSA.
En gran medida sin éxito, el gobierno de Meloni, como varios otros antes, ha presionado para obtener más solidaridad de otros países de la UE, que a menudo no cumplen sus promesas de aceptar a algunos de los solicitantes de asilo que esperan encontrar familiares o trabajar en el norte de Europa.
Desde principios de este año, han desembarcado unos 31.000 inmigrantes, ya sea rescatados por barcos militares italianos o barcos de caridad o que llegaron a Italia sin ayuda, según cifras del Ministerio del Interior. Eso es casi cuatro veces los aproximadamente 8,000 para el mismo período en cada uno de los dos años anteriores.
Las llegadas de migrantes, que parten en embarcaciones no aptas para navegar lanzadas por contrabandistas desde las costas del norte de África, parecen destinadas a aumentar. El miércoles por la mañana, se esperaba que un barco de contrabandistas, repleto de unos 700 pasajeros, llegara al puerto de Catania, una ciudad importante en el este de Sicilia.
Los barcos de la guardia costera italiana habían estado escoltando al barco pesquero en peligro hacia la costa cuando una avería obligó a remolcarlo, lo que ralentizó su avance. La guardia costera ya había trasladado a unos 100 de los pasajeros cuando el mar embravecido hizo demasiado arriesgada esa operación, y se tomó la decisión de dejar a bordo al resto de los migrantes hasta que la embarcación pudiera llegar a puerto.
Solo en un día reciente, 26 botes de migrantes, muchos de ellos sin necesidad de rescate, llegaron a Lampedusa, una pequeña isla italiana al sur de Sicilia. El centro de Lampedusa, que alberga a inmigrantes para que puedan ser identificados provisionalmente como primer paso hacia cualquier solicitud de asilo, se tambaleaba bajo el incesante flujo de llegadas.
El refugio está destinado a albergar a unas 350-400 personas, pero en los últimos días había 3.000. Italia fletó transbordadores comerciales vacíos para trasladar cientos de ellos a Sicilia o al continente.
El martes, unos 1.600 inmigrantes se alojaban en la estructura de Lampedusa y las autoridades esperaban que el tiempo mejorara para que por la tarde unos 400 pudieran ser transportados fuera de la isla.
“Hay muchas mujeres con niños pequeños, además hay menores no acompañados”, dijo la directora del centro de migrantes, Lorena Tortorici, a la televisión italiana Sky TG24. “Estamos en una situación de emergencia. El personal está tratando de hacer lo que puede”.
El mayor número de inmigrantes llegados en lo que va del año proviene de Costa de Marfil, seguido por personas de Guinea, Pakistán, Egipto, Túnez y Bangladesh, según el recuento del Ministro del Interior.
Durante años, la mayoría de los barcos de contrabandistas que navegaban por la peligrosa ruta del Mediterráneo central zarparon del oeste de Libia. Pero en los últimos meses muchos de los viajes han comenzado desde el este de Libia o desde Túnez. Otra ruta parte de Turquía, con el objetivo de llegar a Calabria o Puglia en el extremo sur del continente italiano.
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