El consumo frecuente de alimentos fritos, en especial las patatas, está “fuertemente asociado” con un mayor riesgo de sufrir ansiedad y depresión, que es del 12 y el 7 % respectivamente.

Esa asociación es “más pronunciada” entre los hombres y los consumidores más jóvenes, indica un estudio a cargo de investigadores chinos que publica hoy Pnas.

La investigación cifra ese mayor riesgo a través de un estudio poblacional y además profundiza en las causas, para lo que se usó a peces cebra a los que se expuso a largo plazo a la acrilamida, que se produce con la fritura de los alimentos.

La acrilamida es una sustancia química que se crea de forma natural en productos alimenticios que contienen almidón durante procesos de cocinado cotidianos a altas temperaturas, como fritura, tostado, asado y también durante procesos industriales a 120 grados centígrados y a baja humedad.

“La exposición prolongada a la acrilamida induce ansiedad y comportamientos depresivos a través de la neuroinflamación mediada por el estrés oxidativo”, escriben los investigadores.

El conjunto de resultados “aportan pruebas sólidas para desentrañar el mecanismo de la ansiedad y la depresión desencadenadas por la acrilamida, y ponen de relieve la importancia de reducir el consumo de alimentos fritos para la salud mental”.

La depresión y la ansiedad son dos de los desórdenes mentales más prevalentes a nivel global y la pandemia de covid-19 supuso un aumento. El estudio recuerda que más de un 5 % de los adultos sufren depresión.

Coordinado por la Universidad de Zhejiang (China), el estudio usó datos de 140.728 personas procedentes del banco de datos biomédico Biobanco, del Reino Unido.

Para entender bien cómo funciona la exposición crónica a la acrilamida y su relación con la depresión y la enfermedad, el equipo usó un modelo del pez cebra al que puso en contacto con esa sustancia durante 180 días.

Esa exposición crónica deteriora la capacidad de exploración de nuevos tanques y objetos, así como la sociabilidad de los peces adultos, que mostraban comportamientos similares a la ansiedad y la depresión, indica la investigación.

El equipo también observó que perturbaba notablemente sus perfiles de comportamiento y alteraba la preferencia por la luz/oscuridad (escototaxis).

También en los peces, la exposición crónica a ese producto induce alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico cerebral y neuroinflamación, así como desregula el metabolismo de dos tipos de lípidos (esfingolípidos y los fosfolípidos), que desempeña un papel importante en el desarrollo de los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión.

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